第 1 章 考试简介
评分标准：
- TR: Task Response
- CC: Coherence and Cohesion
- LR: Lexical Resources
- GRA: Grammatical Range and Accuracy
行文的基本结构 介绍段：背景 + 阐述立场 主体段（不止一段）：
- 中心句 + 解释 1+ 解释 2+ 拓展结果
- 中心句 + 背景 + 拓展结果 + 举例 结论：再次表明立场 +（总结观点）
ABC 审题法 A-B-C 因 - 果 - 果
| 题目出现的要素 | 考生思考的重点 |
|---|---|
| 1. 确定一个动作或事件 A | 往后思考其结果 |
| 2. 确定一个结果 C | 往前思考其原因 |
| 3. 既确定了 A，也确定了 C | 思考为什么 A 导致了 B |
第 2 章 大作文
优缺点类题目
观点类题目
2.2.19 增加句子结构的变化
方法 举例 【原始句子】 People can live close to the office. 1. 利用句子的动词写个并列结构 People can live close to the office and walk to work. 2. 加状语（地点、时间、方式、频率等） People can live close to the office and walk to work every day. 3. 加入原因或结果 If more blocks of flats are built in the city center, people can live close to the office and walk to work every day. 4. 加入对比的内容，用 instead of, rather than, while, whereas 等引导 If more blocks of flats are built in the city center, people can live close to the office and walk to work every day, instead of living on the outskirts and commuting by using different forms of transport. 5. 举例解释句子中的名词，用 including, such as, especially 等引导 If more blocks of flats are built in the city center, people can live close to the office and walk to work every day, instead of living on the outskirts and commuting by using different forms of transport, such as buses and train services. 6. 某些名词可以考虑用定语从句增加信息 If more blocks of flats are built in the city center, people can live close to the office and walk to work every day, instead of living on the outskirts and commuting by using different forms of transport, such as buses and train services, which can be time-consuming. 7. 加上名词性从句，如 think, believe 等，或者 it is true/clear/ evident that 等 Some people argue that if more blocks of flats are built in the city center, people can live close to the office and walk to work every day, instead of living on the outskirts and commuting by using different forms of transport, such as buses and train services. 摘自P179-P180
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第 3 章 图表作文
主要步骤：
- 确定图的类型，静态重比较/动态重趋势
- 图的要素：对象词、时态、描述对象或者比喻对象
- 作文
常见时态：
- 一般过去时
- 一般现在时/现在完成时
- 一般将来时
- 过去完成时
图表作文数据的表示
百分比表达方法举例 40% of students the proportion of boys boys account for 40% of students the figure for boys is 40% 将百分比也可以转化为分数
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百分比 分数1 分数2 90% the vast majority of nine out of ten 75% three quarters of nearly eight out of ten 66% two thirds of 55% over half of 33% one third of 25% one quarter of more than ten out of ten 10% one tenth of one in ten
图表作文连接词的选择
突出图的不同
- As shown in the second chart…
- It is clear from the second chart…
- The second chart shows that…
突出对象词的变化或者描述对象的变化
- With regards to…
- Concerning…
- As for…
突出趋势的改变或者高低的变化
- Different trends/patterns are seen in…
- The figures for other… were lower…
- a different / the opposite/pattern
- a similar/the same trend/pattern
连接词
- by comparison
- on the other hand
- in contrast
- meanwhile
- in the meantime 使用代词连接 This trend was also seen in… The figure for this country…
连词 表示并列：and 表示转折和对比：while, whereas, but, although
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描述动态图的趋势和幅度
趋势 动词（一般可能为过去式） 名词 上升 rose, increased, climbed, grew, jumped, surged rise, increase, growth 下降 dropped, fell, declined, decreased, dipped, slided drop, decline, decrease 保持不变 stood at, remained virtually unchanged at, leveled off at 修饰幅度副词（根据需要也可以转变为形容词使用） slightly, modestly, gradually, steadily, noticeably, significantly, remarkably, markedly, dramatically, rapidly, sharply, steeply
通过变化词性实现用词多样化
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上升 下降 动词 increased declined 名词+of an increase of a decline of 名词放在句首 The growth of… the decline 使用 see saw a dramatic increase saw a steep drop 使用 up 或 down reached …, up… from a year ago down… 现在分词放在居中 rising to dropping to 想在分词 showing + 名词 放在句中 showing an increase of showing a decrease of 词组 was on the rise in decline 趋势 an upward trend the downwarned trend
静态图常见的比较
注意比较对象应为同一性质的
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不同的情况 例句 比较主语 Country A has a bigger population than country B. 比较定语 The population of country A is bigger than that of country B. compared with, incontrast to Compared with country A, country B has a small population. similar to, the same as, different from The population of country A is different from that of country B.
倍数的表达（注意：下降没有倍数）
| 倍数 | 动态 | 静态 |
|---|---|---|
| 2 倍 | doubled, increased twofold | twice |
| 3 倍 | tripled, increased threefold | three times |
| 4 倍 | quadrupled, increase fourfold | four times |
| … | … | … |